MBA Application

Standardized Testing Continues to Evolve in MBA Admissions

In the world of MBA Admissions, standardized testing has become a lot less, well, standard. Admissions committees used to accept only the GMAT and/or GRE, but more options have opened up in the post-pandemic era including test waivers for past academic or professional performance, and a wider range of accepted tests including the Executive Assessment (EA) and even the MCAT or LSAT. 

The EA is a 90-minute exam, requires minimal preparation, and has historically been used for EMBA admissions. It is a good choice for applicants to full-time MBA programs who have already demonstrated strong quantitative skills through prior academic or professional experiences Today, even some elite schools such as Columbia, Duke Fuqua, and Michigan Ross are allowing students to submit EA scores in lieu of GRE and GMAT scores. 

In addition to the EA, some schools like Virginia’s Darden and NYU Stern are accepting LSAT, MCAT, and Dental Admission Test (DAT) scores. Others, like Georgetown McDonough, will allow applicants to submit expired GRE and GMAT scores. And many top ranked MBA programs are open to accepting the scores from the shorter versions of the GRE and GMAT exams. Chicago Booth, Stanford GSB, and Northwestern Kellogg will all allow applicants to submit GMAT Focus results this year. 

Harvard Business School is one of the few schools that have pointedly said they will not accept GMAT Focus scores for 2023-2024 admissions. And Wharton will accept GMAT Focus test scores dated January 31, 2024 or later, when the GMAT Focus has been merged with the legacy GMAT. 

The chart below shows the standardized tests that each school’s full-time two-year MBA program will accept in 2023-2024. Please note that some schools have not yet commented on when they will start to accept GMAT Focus scores. 

The MBA Application: A Results-Driven Resume

A key piece of the MBA application is a resume. It should showcase the breadth of your experiences and accomplishments. But remember, it should not merely communicate what you did in each role and extracurricular endeavor; each entry should explore WHY what you did and accomplished was so important to you and/or your team and/or the organization as a whole. What results did you achieve?  What impact did you have?  What did you learn?

MBA resumes should include the following components and should be no longer than one page:

  1. Education. List all degrees and include a bulleted list in the Education section of internships and extracurricular involvements you participated in while in college. 

  2. Work Experience. Using results-oriented bullets, show your progression in responsibility throughout your career. Elaborate on the impact you’ve had and/or lessons you’ve learned. Note also any awards and/or honors and/or significant recognition that you have received.

  3. Additional Information. This section can include significant extracurricular and charitable involvements you’ve participated in, languages you speak, as well as noteworthy skills, certifications, and memberships.

Keep the following tips in mind as you craft your resume: 

Focus on results. We can’t emphasize this enough. Make use of active verbs to showcase your contributions. And, where possible, provide hard numbers that exhibit the results you’ve achieved and the impact you’ve made. 

Keep it relevant. Your resume should only include experiences from the start of college onward, and should showcase your abilities in innovation, leadership, and teamwork. 

Review the Guidance. Some MBA programs instruct you to “submit a resume,” while others such as MIT Sloan or UPenn Wharton, provide specifications for your submission. Review the school’s admissions page to confirm any instruction on page limits, font, and format. 

If the school does not provide formatting guidance, you should keep it simple. Opt for left-justified text in an easy-to-read font—we prefer Garamond—sized between 10 and 12. Additionally, while it may be customary in some cultures to add a headshot to the resume, this is not recommended for U.S.-based MBA programs. 

Use proper grammar. Even the best writers can get worked up about creating resume text. Don’t overthink it. Use proper punctuation and the appropriate tense (present for current activities, past for past activities). Read each line aloud and make sure that it flows smoothly. Do not lean on corporate jargon, rather you will want to ensure that you explain what you did and your results in a way that a fellow MBA classmate in a different field would understand. 

The GMAT Gets a Refresh

An updated version of the GMAT called the GMAT Focus will be released this year. Developed by GMAC in partnership with business schools, it is designed to offer test takers more flexibility because it is close to an hour shorter in length and won’t require an essay.  

According to a leaked graphic published by Poets & Quants, specific updates to the test are expected to include:

  • A shorter Quantitative Reasoning section. The GMAT Focus will ask 21 questions, which will reduce the section by 10 questions and 17 minutes from the current GMAT. 

  • A shorter Verbal Reasoning section. The GMAT Focus will ask 23 questions instead of the current 36, and the time allotted will decrease by 20 minutes. This section will include questions on reading comprehension and critical reasoning. 

  • A new Data Insights section. The new section will increase the current GMAT’s Integrative Reasoning section from 12 questions to 20, with an additional 15 minutes of time. The section will include questions on data sufficiency, multi-source reasoning, table analysis, graphics interpretation, and two-part analysis.

In addition to shortening the overall test experience, test-takers will have the ability to flag questions that they wish to return to prior to the end of the section time. 

The current version of the GMAT will also be available for test-takers through early 2024. 

MBA Application Tips—Letters of Recommendation

Let's be real: Recommendation letters are not going to be what makes or breaks your MBA applications. Most don’t differentiate prospective students from one another in the minds of admissions committees. Ninety-nine percent of the time, they are filled with glowing reviews of an applicant’s leadership and/or innovation abilities and potential. No applicant asks a supervisor to write them a letter if there is any question the content of the letter could cast doubt on their candidacy.

But, if done right, a letter of recommendation can reinforce and expand upon key themes presented in other application components like your resume, essays, and short answers. Here are some actions to take to make sure that happens.

Select the Best Recommenders

Most schools require two letters of recommendation from supervisors who have overseen your work in full-time post-baccalaureate employment. Of course, you will want to choose those you know will sing your praises, but also who can back up their claims on your abilities in the areas such as innovation, leadership, and teamwork with specific examples. The writers of your recommendation letters should know you well. Don’t ask the CEO you’ve seen in the elevator a few times because you think his title will impress admissions committees. Save requests to very senior colleagues with significant influence at a specific school (say, they're donors or members of the board) for letters of support, which they can send separate from your application to the Dean of the business school. 

Take a Strategic Viewpoint

If one of your essays is anchored in a story that shows the reader your critical thinking and problem-solving aptitude on a significant project, one of your recommenders could provide additional insight on this project in their letter. And, if this first letter of recommendation further emphasizes your innovation potential, the second should focus on other qualities, such as your ability to thrive in a collaborative environment. Furthermore, if you see gaps in your application, you may want to speak with one of your recommenders who could address them in his or her letter and share how you’ve grown from specific challenges.  

Set Your Recommenders Up for Success

Give your recommenders enough time to meet your request. We suggest at least eight weeks prior to submission. It is also helpful to give each one a short portfolio of information, which should include: 

  • School names, recommendation questions, and submission date(s)

  • Method for recommendation submission (e.g., online via link)

  • Background information (academic, professional) and your future career goals

  • Illustrative anecdotes from your work with this recommender, with particular emphasis on the following topics: varied and growing work responsibilities, performance at a high level (as judged by your project managers and peers) in a team environment, personal characteristics you want to highlight (e.g., determination, intelligence, creativity and/or leadership), recognition/awards, accomplishments, and your ability to grow from constructive criticism

  • (Optional) Illustrative anecdotes from your extracurricular/personal life that will allow your recommender to show your abilities in community-building, and present you as a well-rounded, caring, approachable, and motivated person who would contribute to the MBA community

The weakest type of letter is one that is too general—that lists your qualities but doesn't show them. The illustrative stories you provide (and you can do this in a bulleted list) should be unique for each recommender and should highlight the qualities you want the recommender to expand upon. These inputs will allow you to subtly influence the recommenders’ output and ensure the recommendation letters include concrete and varied examples that reinforce your existing application content. 

Frequently Asked Questions

I have a great relationship with my college advisor. Would it be appropriate to use her as a recommender?

For entry into business school, it is best to ask supervisors from your full-time post-baccalaureate professional experiences.

What if I don’t feel comfortable telling my direct supervisor I am submitting applications to business school?

While it is preferred to have a recommendation from a current direct supervisor, it may not always be an option and schools understand. Be sure to address the situation in the optional essay; and ask a former boss and/or a professional colleague who is superior to you on an org chart to write a letter. Emphasize the positives of having this person write your recommendation too. Tell them your chosen recommender can speak specifically to your actions on a valuable project. Or that you worked under your ex-boss for a lot longer than your current one and felt they could give a thorough take on your strengths.

What if my recommender asks me, the applicant, to write the letter? 

Your supervisor might say, "I'm too busy; you write it, and I'll sign it." If a potential recommender puts you in a tough spot and only agrees to submit a letter that you’ve written, it is best to move on. It is often obvious to schools when an applicant has crafted the copy because of similarities in voice to other application components. 

Your MBA Application. Acing the Video Essay

The video essay is an excellent opportunity for the admissions committee to put a face and personality with your application. And it is important to prepare so you can make a compelling first impression. We have some tips to help you ace the video essays for Northwestern’s Kellogg School of Management, the Yale School of Management, and MIT Sloan. 

  • Minimize background distractions. Select a place with a strong internet connection and a plain, uncluttered background. Allow the admissions committee to focus on what you’re saying by minimizing any distractions in the background—this includes pets, roommates, or loud noises. 

  • Set the lights. You’ll want to place a light in front of you so that your face is clearly visible on the screen (backlighting will result in shadows). Take a test run with a friend or family member to confirm that they are able to see you clearly.

  • Dress professionally. Put your best foot forward by dressing professionally, similar to how you would dress for an in-person interview. 

  • Prepare, but don’t script yourself. You’ll want the admissions committee see the real you. Think strategically about the points you want to highlight in each video, but don’t memorize a script. 

  • Note your pace. When nerves hit, people tend to speak more quickly. Practice delivering interview responses out loud and time them. You will have up to one minute for each response at Kellogg, and between 60-90 seconds for Yale.

Kellogg School of Management

Kellogg asks applicants to respond to several short video essay questions, in order to exhibit their personality and what they can bring to the MBA community. The question responses are optional, and the three question topics are available in advance. Video responses are due within 96 hours of submitting your application. 

Video essay 1: Please introduce yourself to the admissions committee. Consider this your opportunity to share what you would want your future Kellogg classmates and our admissions committee to know about you. What makes you, you?

Video essay 2: What path are you interested in pursuing, how will you get there, and why is this program right for you? This is an intentionally broad question so you can answer honestly and meaningfully. We want to know why you’re pursuing an MBA and why you’re choosing a particular Kellogg Full-Time Program.

Video essay 3: This question will be based on a challenge you've faced and what you've learned from it.

Kellogg states that the video essay questions are “designed to bring to life the person we have learned about on paper.” Student culture is a key focus in Kellogg’s admissions efforts, and they want to get to know applicants as fully as possible to ensure they construct a close-knit and collaborative class. This is an opportunity for you to demonstrate your values, interests, creative thinking ability, and goals, rather than worrying too much about the “correct” or expected response.  

Your Strategy: Prior to participating in the video essay, review your application (your goals, especially, must be consistent with what you’ve already submitted) and think through the video essay topics. How will Kellogg help you achieve your goals? Think about specific professors, classes, and experiential learning opportunities. How will you highlight your personality and background to the admissions committee? What characteristics and qualities will you bring to the class? What unique experiences can you offer? How can you expand upon your application materials? Bullet out key points that you’d like to make for each question topic, and practice your responses, keeping a close eye on your time. Kellogg provides practice questions that will help you to get comfortable with the format and technology, and we recommend taking advantage of this. 

From the Admissions Office: Full-Time MBA Application Series: the Video Essays

Yale School of Management

Yale asks applicants to respond to several short video essay questions, in order to exhibit their personality, grasp of the English language, and ability to think under pressure. The questions are provided after the application is submitted, and each applicant receives a set of randomized interview questions. 

Yale is looking to gauge your communication skills and your ability to think on your feet. 

Your Strategy: Prior to participating in the video essay, review your submitted application and prepare yourself to speak on how your personal goals and interests align with Yale’s MBA program. You should also review standard interview questions, and think through anecdotes from your academic and professional experiences that can be used to respond to different question types. Yale provides practice questions that will help you get comfortable with the format and technology, and we recommend taking advantage of this. Take note of the time restrictions. 

From the Admissions Office: Video Questions: Designed to set you up for success

MIT Sloan

Sloan requests applicants provide a 60-second video statement introducing themselves to their future classmates. They want to further understand your presence, passions, and interests. It is important to note that the video will only be used during the admissions process and will not actually be shown to your future classmates.

Your Strategy: Familiarize yourself with the Sloan values and culture (see bullets listed below), and take the time to clearly link your own values, passions, and goals with those of the greater Sloan community. 

  • Leadership and an ability to inspire others 

  • A collaborative spirit and focus on community

  • Intellectual curiosity and analytical strength 

  • Creativity to generate new solutions to existing challenges 

  • Growth in both professional and personal endeavors 

  • Drive, determination, and authenticity

You will also want to showcase your personality and the qualities that make you unique. The Admissions Committee should gain a clear understanding of why you want to attend the school and what you will bring to your class. 

Create an outline of ideas and practice delivering the content aloud. Consider also how you can best incorporate personality into your submission. This video type is the exception to our advice on using a plain, uncluttered background. If you have a location or background that will help you tell your story, go for it. Finally, take advantage of the fact that you can record the video as many times as you want.

From the Admissions Office: The 60-second video

MBA Application Submission: Is There an Optimal Deadline?

When determining the best time to submit your MBA application, keep in mind the following: your school preferences, financial need, and the amount of time you’ll be able to spend polishing your application materials.

Rolling Admissions

Only a few top-tier MBA programs, including Columbia University and UCLA, offer rolling admissions. This means admissions committees provide decisions to students as they review the application, rather than sending out a batch of decisions on a predetermined date.

Apply Point Recommendation: Generally, applicants interested in a school with rolling admissions should submit their application as early as possible. Seats in the incoming class are continuously being filled. It is critical to ensure, however, that you have taken the time to develop high quality content. Rushing could result in sloppy work, which will negate the benefits of an earlier submission.

Early Action / Decision

While some programs offer non-binding early action application rounds (UVA Darden allows applicants to select between binding or non-binding upon submission), other schools (such as Columbia and Duke) offer only a binding early application round. Read the program’s admissions webpage carefully to be sure you understand the commitment required. For example, a binding application will almost always ask an accepted student to withdraw any outstanding applications, and submit a commitment letter and deposit to the school.

Apply Point Recommendation: If an applicant is fully committed to attending a particular MBA program, regardless of outside opportunities, financial or otherwise, we recommend that they apply in the early decision round. Admissions likelihood is higher because schools look favorably on commitments to their program and they ultimately want to bolster their yield (number of those accepted students who commit). But it’s important to note that merit-based scholarships are not typically given to applicants who apply in a binding early decision round.

First Round / Second Round

Both the first and second rounds are sound when it comes to admissions likelihood and the possibility for a merit-based scholarship.

Apply Point Recommendation: We encourage our applicants to submit in one of these two rounds. If you are ready to submit your best application prior to the first-round deadline, do it. But if not, don’t worry. Take additional time if you need it, to submit your strongest application in the second round.

Third Round

This is usually the last round prior to the close of the admissions period, and is the most competitive because there are fewer seats available. Consideration for merit-based aid at this stage is also unlikely.

Apply Point Recommendation: There are very few cases where we would recommend applying in Round Three. It puts applicants at a disadvantage. However, if you are unable to submit in rounds one or two, and you have a strong application and no need for financial support, you may still be successful.

How to Approach Wharton’s Essays

Like most business schools, Wharton’s admissions committee is interested in those applicants who can demonstrate collaborative leadership, critical thinking skills, innovation, and the ability to thrive in a diverse environment. But, as the world’s oldest collegiate business program and one of the most prestigious, they will have a lot of applicants to choose from. Set your story apart. 

In a sea of other high test scores and transcripts, it’s your essays that will carry the most influence in securing your spot in one of Wharton’s team-based interviews. This is because they give you a place to show the reader your abilities through stories from your life. You will also be able to make the case, in your essays, for what you will contribute to the Wharton community and why you will be able to do what you say you want to do post-MBA. Unlike your resume, which will provide an overview of your life from the start of college, your essays should take a deep dive into anecdotes that will give the reader a view into the person behind some of your most meaningful experiences and accomplishments. 

Essay 1: How do you plan to use the Wharton MBA program to help you achieve your future professional goals? You might consider your past experience, short and long-term goals, and resources available at Wharton. (500 words)

This prompt asks you to explain how a Wharton MBA will bridge your past accomplishments and your future goals. To do this, you will want to anchor this essay in the past. Because what you’ve already done, learned, and achieved is far more important than what you haven’t—what you say you want to do in the future. In order to fully satisfy the objective of this prompt, go into your backstory and detail the key moments that influenced you and the formation of your goals. Then transition into what you have yet to learn, and why a Wharton MBA is your next step. Prove to them that their program is the perfect intersection between where you’ve been and where you want to go. Which courses, professors, experiential learning opportunities, etc. are most interesting to you? Choose three or four that differentiate Wharton from other business schools you’re considering and explain why you’re so eager to engage and participate. This essay is about connecting the dots; once the reader has taken the trip to your past, your proposed path forward will make much more sense. 

Essay 2: Essay 2: Taking into consideration your background – personal, professional, and/or academic – how do you plan to make specific, meaningful contributions to the Wharton community? (400 words)

Show Wharton’s admissions officers how you will be a valued member of their community by anchoring your response in experiences from your past that will inform and invigorate your plan. Are you a passionate environmentalist who has spent your career in corporate social responsibility and hopes to spearhead a new sustainability case competition for full-time MBA students? Were you part of a years-long organizational behavior research study in undergrad and hope to find a research mentor in that department at Wharton? Did you start a pro-bono consulting group at your current employer, and you’d like to partner with a local organization to offer similar services alongside a group of your Wharton colleagues? In linking your passions and expertise to your proposed contributions, you will demonstrate to the admissions directors that you are the kind of collaborative, community-minded, and determined student they are looking for. 

Optional Essay: Please use this space to share any additional information about yourself that cannot be found elsewhere in your application and that you would like to share with the Admissions Committee. This space can also be used to address any extenuating circumstances (e.g., unexplained gaps in work experience, choice of recommenders, inconsistent or questionable academic performance, areas of weakness, etc.) that you would like the Admissions Committee to consider. (500 words)

This essay is for additional context around a weak spot in your application. Did you get a C in calculus? Or withdraw from your courses your sophomore year to help a family member? Do you feel that your lackluster GMAT score isn’t indicative of your abilities?

If you are going to address a low grade in an analytical course or a low GMAT score, don’t make excuses. Spend the majority of your word count demonstrating your ability to excel in rigorous academic or professional environments using specific examples. Provide information on similar classes in which you achieved excellent grades or give details about a professional pursuit that resulted in success.

If you are speaking to a more sensitive situation, perhaps a big mistake or legal issue that impacted your GPA, spend approximately 20 percent of your essay addressing the situation. Then use the remaining 80 percent on the actions you took to improve and what happened as a result. Do not make excuses, simply address the situation, placing the emphasis on what you learned. Remember, everyone makes mistakes, taking accountability and moving forward demonstrates maturity.

The Writing Process

Begin with a brainstorm. Do not underestimate the importance of this step. Document your experiences, positive and negative, that prompted an evolution in your perspective—you know, those “ah-ha!” moments without which you would be a different student, professional, and/or person today. Then, record those experiences that will show the reader your abilities in innovation (critical/creative thinking and problem solving), leadership, and teamwork, as well as those experiences that reinforced your interest in an MBA program. Capture as many details as possible, paying particular attention to what you thought, felt, said, and did in each situation. Your focus should be on adult experiences (from the start of college and later), though stories from your youth could comprise up to 20 percent of this brainstorm.

During your brainstorm, don’t limit yourself by worrying about a cohesive narrative, the quality of your writing, or the number/length of your stories. Simply focus on collecting those situations that helped to guide your path to this point and impacted your decision to apply to the Wharton MBA program.

Craft an outline. Select the key stories you will use to anchor your narratives. Remember that you’ll use your essays to go deep into experiences that demonstrate the traits you want to emphasize. Think about your application as a whole and use your responses to strategically cover any qualities that may not be adequately addressed in other aspects of your application. 

Write. Keep in mind that you must be showing, not telling the reader who you are. Invite the reader into your life by highlighting sensory details, such as smells and sounds, and don’t hesitate to engage your readers emotionally. Sprinkle in humor (if you feel comfortable doing so) or hit a poignant note. In contrast to your resume which provides a general overview of your experiences, your essay responses should go deep into a story that allows the reader to come to their own conclusions about some of your character traits and abilities. Highlight how you’ve struggled, triumphed, learned, and how these experiences have developed you into the person you are now.  

Review. Revise. Repeat. Confirm your word count and read your essay aloud noting where you stumble. Make revisions as necessary. Once it reads smoothly, set it down and walk away for at least 24 hours. Then re-read it. Is it you? Is it personal and authentic? You want the reader to see the real person behind the applicant number. While we caution against “oversharing,” being appropriately vulnerable will create connection.  

How to Approach Columbia’s Essays: Part II

Read: How to approach Columbia’s Essays Part I

Columbia Business School’s Essay Two—Why do you feel Columbia Business School is a good fit for you academically, culturally, and professionally? (300 words)

The most important word in this prompt is WHY. Admissions directors already know what CBS offers to students; they want to know why their offerings resonate with you. Prove to them that their program is the perfect intersection between where you’ve been and where you want to go. Which courses, professors, experiential learning opportunities, etc. are most interesting to you? Choose three or four that differentiate Columbia from other business schools you’re considering and explain why you’re so eager to engage and participate. Have you spent your career in operations, and are particularly keen to meet Professor X, take his course, and speak to him about his latest research on the control and management of manufacturing systems? Would you like to do a consulting project for Company Y, a firm whose mission is aligned with your goals, and you know has collaborated with CBS students in the past? Would you like to continue your community service work with a specific student organization at Columbia because you’re familiar with the work they’ve done on initiatives you’re passionate about? By digging into the why, you will convince CBS admissions directors of your excitement for their offerings, but also that you will be the kind of collaborative, community-minded, and determined student they are looking for. 

Columbia Business School’s Essay Three—Tell us about your favorite book, movie, or song and why it resonates with you. (250 words)

Just as in CBS’s Essay Two, the most important word in this prompt is WHY. It’s time to showcase some personality! Columbia Business School is looking for students who will be collaborative and form lasting personal and professional relationships, so exposing a bit of vulnerability to show a quirky or sentimental side is ok, especially because your other essays delved deeply into your professional and academic interests and abilities. Do you have a passion for glass blowing, and enjoy listening to a certain artist when you’re in studio? Did you just finish a memoir that inspired you? Is there a movie you watch over and over because it reminds you of life before you emigrated to this country or a relative you admire?

Columbia Business School’s Optional Essay—If you wish to provide further information or additional context around your application to the Admissions Committee, please upload a brief explanation of any areas of concern in your academic record or personal history. This does not need to be a formal essay. You may submit bullet points. (Maximum 500 Words)

This essay is for additional context around a weak spot in your application. Did you get a C in calculus? Or withdraw from your courses your sophomore year to help a family member? Do you feel that your lackluster GMAT score isn’t indicative of your abilities?

If you are going to address a low grade in an analytical course or a low GMAT score, don’t make excuses. Spend the majority of your word count demonstrating your ability to excel in rigorous academic or professional environments using specific examples. Provide information on similar classes in which you achieved excellent grades or give details about a professional pursuit that resulted in success.

If you are speaking to a more sensitive situation, perhaps a big mistake or legal issue that impacted your GPA, spend approximately 20 percent of your essay addressing the situation. Then use the remaining 80 percent on the actions you took to improve and what happened as a result. Do not make excuses, simply address the situation, placing the emphasis on what you learned. Remember, everyone makes mistakes, taking accountability and moving forward demonstrates maturity.

Related Blog: How to Approach the Harvard Business School Essay

How to Approach Columbia’s Essays: Part I

Columbia Business School is clear about the kind of student they admit into their full-time MBA program: collaborative, community-minded, and determined. They are looking for students who are both ambitious and ready to make an impact on their field (and the world), and prepared to develop meaningful personal and professional relationships. 

As with other elite MBA programs, the essay questions are a critical component of the application because they provide you, the applicant, with the opportunity to show your abilities—in the areas of critical thinking and problem solving, leadership, and teamwork—through stories from your life. You will also be able to make the case for why you will be able to do what you say you want to do post-MBA. Unlike your resume, which will provide an overview of your life from the start of college, your essays should take a deep dive that will give the reader a view into the person (and personality) behind some of your most meaningful experiences and accomplishments. 

Essay 1: Through your resume and recommendation, we have a clear sense of your professional path to date. What are your career goals over the next three to five years and what is your long-term dream job? (500 words)

Although the question asks about your future goals, you will want to anchor this essay in the past. Because what you’ve already done, learned, and achieved is far more important than what you haven’t— what you say you want to do in the future. In order to fully satisfy the objective of this prompt, go into your backstory and detail the key moments that influenced you and the formation of your goals. As they note in the prompt, they already have an overview of your professional path to date, but they haven’t yet gotten a deep dive into your most pivotal experiences. Once the reader has taken this trip to your past, your proposed path forward will make much more sense. 

The Writing Process

Begin with a brainstorm. Do not underestimate the importance of this step. Document your experiences, positive and negative, that prompted an evolution in your perspective—you know, those “ah-ha!” moments without which you would be a different student, professional, and/or person today. Then, record those experiences that will show the reader your abilities in innovation (critical/creative thinking and problem solving), leadership, and teamwork, as well as those experiences that reinforced your interest in an MBA program. Capture as many details as possible, paying particular attention to what you thought, felt, said, and did in each situation. Your focus should be on adult experiences (from the start of college and later), though stories from your youth could comprise up to 20 percent of this brainstorm.

During your brainstorm, don’t limit yourself by worrying about a cohesive narrative, the quality of your writing, or the number/length of your stories. Simply focus on collecting those situations that helped to guide your path to this point and impacted your decision to apply to the Columbia MBA program.

Craft an outline. Select the key stories you will use to anchor your narratives. Remember that you’ll use your essays to go deep into experiences that demonstrate the traits you want to emphasize. Think about your application as a whole and use your responses to strategically cover any qualities that may not be adequately addressed in other aspects of your application. 

Write. Keep in mind that you must be showing, not telling the reader who you are. Invite the reader into your life by highlighting sensory details, such as smells and sounds, and don’t hesitate to engage your readers emotionally. Sprinkle in humor (if you feel comfortable doing so) or hit a poignant note. In contrast to your resume which provides a general overview of your experiences, your essay responses should go deep into a story that allows the reader to come to their own conclusions about some of your character traits and abilities. Highlight how you’ve struggled, triumphed, learned, and how these experiences have developed you into the person you are now.  

Review. Revise. Repeat. Confirm your word count and read your essay aloud noting where you stumble. Make revisions as necessary. Once it reads smoothly, set it down and walk away for at least 24 hours. Then re-read it. Is it you? Is it personal and authentic? You want the reader to see the real person behind the applicant number. While we caution against “oversharing,” being appropriately vulnerable will create connection.  

Read: How to approach Columbia’s Essays Part II

Related:

The 2022-2023 MBA Application Season has Kicked-off!

The MBA application season is officially underway as schools start to confirm 2022-2023 submission deadlines and essay prompts. We’ve compiled a list of the available deadlines and prompts, and we will continue to make updates as additional information becomes available.

US News Ranking School Name Early Action Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Essay Prompt
1 University of Chicago (Booth) Sep 22, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Apr 11, 2023 Available
1 University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)* Sep 7, 2022 Jan 4, 2023 Mar 29, 2023 Available
3 Northwestern University (Kellogg) Sep 14, 2022 Jan 10, 2023 Apr 5, 2023 Available
3 Stanford University Sep 13, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Apr 11, 202 Available
5 Harvard University Sep 7, 2022 Jan 4, 2023 Available
5 MIT (Sloan) Sep 29, 2022 Jan 18, 2023 Apr 11, 2023 Available
7 Yale University Sep 13, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Apr 11, 2023 Available
8 Columbia University* Sep 28, 2022 *See note Jan 11, 2023 Apr 5, 2023 Available
8 UC--Berkeley (Haas) Sept 22, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Apr 6, 2023 Available
10 University of Michigan (Ross) Sep 19, 2022 Jan 9, 2023 Apr 3, 2023 Available
11 Dartmouth University (Tuck) Sep 26, 2022 Jan 4, 2023 Mar 27, 2023 Available
12 Duke University (Fuqua)* Sep 7, 2022 Sep 26, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Mar 28, 2023 Available
12 New York University (Stern)* Sep 15, 2022 Oct 15, 2022 Jan 15, 2023 Mar 15, 2023 Available
14 University of Virginia (Darden)* Sep 8, 2022 Oct 5, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Apr 5, 2023 Available
15 Cornell University (Johnson) Sep 22, 2022 Jan 10, 2023 Apr 11, 2023 Available
16 Carnegie Mellon (Tepper) Oct 2, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Mar 12, 2023 Available
17 UCLA (Anderson) Oct 5, 2022 Jan 4, 2023 Apr 12, 2023 Available
18 University of Texas--Austin (McCombs) Oct 11, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Mar 28, 2023 Available
19 UNC--Chapel Hill (Kenan-Flagler)* Oct 10, 2022 Jan 9, 2023 Feb 27, 2023 Available
19 USC (Marshall)* Oct 15, 2022 Jan 5, 2023 Mar 1, 2023 Available

University of Pennsylvania (Wharton): All submissions due by 5 PM, ET

Columbia University:

  • Early Decision submissions are binding, accepted applicants are asked to withdraw other applications.

  • Submitted Regular Decision applications will be reviewed after Early Decision applicants; this typically starts in Late November

Duke University (Fuqua): Early Action submissions are binding, accepted applicants are asked to withdraw other applications.

New York University (Stern): The first application deadline, Sept 15, is the earliest submission date rather than an Early Action / binding submission.

University of Virginia (Darden): Early Action applicants may opt for binding or non-binding consideration.

UNC--Chapel Hill (Kenan-Flagler): Round 4 submission deadline is Apr 17, 2023.

USC (Marshall): Round 4 submission deadline is Apr 15, 2023, Applications submitted after April 15 will be considered on a space-available basis.

Related Blogs:

Application Volume Drops at Top MBA Programs in US

The Financial Times reported this week that four of the most prestigious business schools in the US saw a drop in MBA application volume for 2018 matriculation. Harvard, NYU Stern, Duke Fuqua, and Berkeley Haas each reported a decrease in applications from 2017 that ranged from 4 percent to 7.5 percent.

According to Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) data, in the US full-time two-year MBA programs’ application volumes have been in decline since 2014. However, this is not consistent across programs. In 2017, those with larger classes (201 or more students) accounted for 6 percent of MBA programs, but 55 percent of applications and 32 percent of enrollments. Larger schools were more likely to report application volume increases in 2017, while smaller were more likely to have experienced decreases. This decrease now appears to have expanded to the large, prestigious MBA programs.

While the decline in applications has not yet affected Harvard’s 11 percent acceptance rate or median GMAT score of 730, it was fairly significant at 4.5 percent. Similarly, NYU Stern reported a nearly 4 percent drop, while Duke Fuqua and Berkeley Haas were at about 6 percent and 7.5 percent respectively.

In contrast, MBA application numbers globally continue to increase. “When looked at internationally, graduate business education is a growth stock. Applications to Canadian, European, and Asian schools are increasing at an enormous rate,” said Bill Boulding, Dean of Duke Fuqua. Other admissions representatives who spoke with the Financial Times pointed out a multi-faceted cause for the lower application rates in the US:

  • Decreasing numbers of international applicants to US schools, due to a less welcoming political climate, as well as increasingly rigid immigration requirements.

  • Increasingly competitive European and Asian MBAs, offered in English, for those wanting a global experience. Some of these well-ranked programs also offer expedited timelines.

  • Increasing tuition and a robust economic climate in the US, which increases the cost of an MBA in both direct costs and wages-lost.

  • Increasing interest in part-time, online, and/or one-year MBA programs.

Take-aways for prospective MBA students

  • If you have dual-citizenship, don’t forget to note this on your application. It could be advantageous for you in the admissions process.

  • Be sure to highlight your international experiences and interests in your application. Admissions officers want to create a diverse student body and, with fewer international applicants, these experiences are likely to stand out more.

  • Consider that in strong economic climates, with low unemployment, schools are likely to receive fewer applicants. While this may not significantly change acceptance rates at all of the most prestigious programs, it can provide some benefit with regard to both admissions likelihood, as well as the possibility for substantial merit-based scholarships.

  • Choose your MBA program carefully, rather than automatically selecting a full-time, two-year program. Learn from these trends, by thinking carefully about the type of MBA that will benefit you most. International programs, one-year or expedited programs, and part-time cohort-based programs can all be worthwhile for you and your career.

Top Ten Tips for the MBA Behavioral Interview

If you have been invited to interview at any or all of the schools on your list, congratulations!  Now you must begin preparing for a memorable and acceptance-worthy performance.

1.       Upon receiving the invitation, schedule the interview as soon as possible. This will enable you to avoid scheduling conflicts and select the time of day when you have the most energy.

2.       Read all you can about the school. If possible, schedule a full visit prior to the interview, which often will include a tour, class observation, and conversations with current students. Additionally, talk to current or former students already in your network to gain insight on the interview process and other aspects of their MBA experience.

3.       Review your application and think through how you will coherently explain your path to this point, as well as your decision-making and most meaningful experiences at each step. You will likely have some introductory question(s), which will require a three-minute elevator-pitch response, as well as several other questions that will require you to illustrate your points regarding such things as your ability to thrive in a team-based environment, etc., with specific examples from your work experience. 

4.       Be able to thoroughly explain why the school is the perfect intersection of where you’ve been and where you want to go. Elaborate on specifics, such as courses, professors, and extracurricular activities that make sense given your past experiences, interests, and achievements, as well as future plans. Remember, though, depth is better than breadth.  We would rather you explain at length one or two specifics that really set that school apart for you, than briefly mention of 7-10 attributes.

5.       Be prepared to weave into your responses what you will be able to offer the school. Make it clear how your experiences and interests, personal and professional, will benefit the school and create a stronger, more diverse MBA class and alumni base.

6.       Think through your career successes and failures and consider what you learned from both. Especially when answering a question regarding a failure, it is vital to spend only 20 percent of the response covering the situation. The rest should be devoted to action you took to prevent similar failures going forward and what you’ve learned as a result.

7.       Determine if there are any red flags in your application materials, and, if so, craft a response that addresses the issue without making excuses.  For example, if asked about the ‘C’ you received in calculus sophomore year, make mention of those specific areas in your transcript and post-baccalaureate experience that are more indicative of your ability to compete in a rigorous academic environment.  

8.       Stay current on domestic and international news. The Economist is a good, wide-reaching source for this. You will also want to be aware of any news related to your current company, industry and desired career path as these are great topics for an interviewer to draw from.  Setting up google alerts for key phrases related to your company and industry will help.

9.       Prepare three questions for the end of the interview, which will show your knowledge of and enthusiasm for the school.

10.   Compose a hand-written thank you note on high quality stock, and snail mail it to your interviewer. In the note, thank them for their time, reiterate your interest in the school, mentioning a specific or two, and if you can, make note of something memorable you spoke about during the interview.

IQ is Important, but Don’t Forget About EQ

This summer, NYU Stern updated its MBA application to include an EQ Endorsement. Separate from the professional recommendations, Stern is asking applicants to have a friend or colleague submit a clear and compelling example of the applicant’s emotional intelligence. While NYU is at the forefront of formalizing the request for a demonstration of emotional intelligence, admissions committees have long been interested in self-awareness, maturity, leadership, and other skills highly correlated with EQ.  Demonstrating that you have the academic prowess to succeed in an MBA program is no longer enough; it is also critical to display emotional intelligence throughout your application.

There are several current models and definitions of Emotional Intelligence. One commonly used definition is from Mayer, Salovey and Caruso’s 2008 article in American Psychologist. “Emotional Intelligence includes the ability to engage in sophisticated information processing about one’s own and others’ emotions and the ability to use this information as a guide to thinking and behavior. That is, individuals high in emotional intelligence pay attention to, use, understand, and manage emotions, and these skills serve adaptive functions that potentially benefit themselves and others.”

Essentially, those with a high EQ can work successfully with others by understanding how emotions play a role in the workplace through employees’ thinking, decision-making, and conduct. This understanding helps those with EQ to have positive interactions with others, but it is much more than just building camaraderie with coworkers. Emotional intelligence is also the driving force behind persuasion and leadership, and those who are adept can facilitate difficult situations and conversations effectively and improve the motivation and performance of colleagues using these skills.

Mayer and Salovey created a developmental model of emotional intelligence, with four key components (each with four sub-components):

-        The ability to perceive emotions in oneself and others accurately.

-        The ability to use emotions to facilitate thinking.

-        The ability to understand emotions, emotional language, and the signals conveyed by emotions.

-        The ability to manage emotions so as to attain specific goals. 

Read more about the model here: http://www.theeiinstitute.com/what-is-emotional-intelligence/4-mayer-and-salovey-model-of-emotional-intelligence.html

While some people have higher EQ levels innately, it is also a skill that can be enhanced through increasing self-awareness and practice. As such, in your business school applications, you can showcase your emotional intelligence strengths, but also show self-awareness by referencing those areas that you are actively working to develop.

Take the time to weave examples of your emotional intelligence throughout your essays as well as in your recommendations. EQ-related skills are often included on the recommenders’ skills assessments so make sure that your recommenders are aware of your abilities in this arena by providing them with stories and anecdotes that they can consider when filling out the skills assessment and completing the open-ended question(s).

Some prompts to help you start thinking through specific examples that will illustrate your emotional intelligence include: 

-        Describe difficult co-worker or team dynamics and how your emotional awareness allowed you to repair these relationships and/or environments.

-        Reference times where perceiving and responding to the emotions of others helped you to drive a conversation or project forward in a different, but ultimately more effective manner.

-        Think through examples of relating to others, particularly others who are different from you, to increase teamwork or buy-in to an idea or project.

-        Think further about those times you’ve disagreed with colleagues in a rational and beneficial way, which ultimately helped you determine the best path forward.

-        Consider a time when you assisted a coworkers’ development by giving them difficult feedback or having a tough conversation.

With many corporations and recruiters showing an interest in emotional intelligence, thinking through how you can continue to develop and showcase your EQ will be a beneficial investment of time, not just for the MBA application period, but for all of your professional endeavors going forward.